Marcus Brutus The Tragic Hero in The Tragedy of Julius...

In Shakespeare’s play The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, the title leads the mind to believe that Caesar is the tragic hero; however, this is not the case. The noble Brutus is a much more accurate fit for the role of tragic hero. A tragic hero is a character with a tragic flaw that goes from good fortune to complete misfortune in a fairly quick downfall. Although some may argue that Caesar fits this depiction, Brutus is a better choice. He goes from the top of the social standings to international scumbag when he joins the conspirators and murders Caesar, his friend. After allowing Antony to speak in Caesar’s funeral, the entire country turns against him and he is forced to flee Rome. His downfall is so incredibly terrible that he is†¦show more content†¦He doesn’t think things through enough to suspect a thing. He gets cocky and has his ego so insanely boosted that the conspirators took hold of his mind. Even Brutus’s knowledge is flawed. Whe n speaking at Caesar’s funeral, he feeds the public a ridiculous explanation for the assassination of his friend. â€Å"There is tears, for his love; joy, for his fortune; honor, for his valor; and death for his ambition† (948). Caesar was brutally murdered for his ambition. Nowadays, people wish they could be ambitious, yet Caesar was murdered for it? Even the mindless Roman citizens, after Antony’s speech, came to realize that ambition was hardly something to die for. In a tragedy, the tragic hero always has a downfall and sense of enlightenment by the end. Brutus’s downfall is horrid enough that it has made it this far in history. It is a fall that people will always study and remember. Brutus starts out as a popular man, a friend of Caesar. People think very highly of him, he has a strong relationship with his wife, and he lives in Rome, which he loves deeply. After murdering Caesar, Brutus has the nerve to speak at his funeral and tell the p eople of Rome that he had a right to kill him; however, Antony talks sense into citizens in his famous speech. All of Rome soon considers him and his counterparts to be traitors, enough so that they become a murderous mob. â€Å"We’ll burn the house ofShow MoreRelatedMarcus Brutus: Shakespeares Tragic Hero in The Tragedy of Julius Caesar1238 Words   |  5 Pagesillustrates Marcus Brutus as a tragic hero in the play The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. Shakespeare defines tragic hero as a flawed character who has good fortune, and then loses all he has prized, leading to his misfortune, but a tragic hero must have that moment of enlightenment, that moment where a character can see that he caused his own downfall and receives the blame for his own tragedy. The Tragedy of Julius Caesar is based on an historical event- the assassination of Julius Caesar; however,Read MoreDoes Brutus â€Å"Qualify† as a Tragic Hero?873 Words   |  4 PagesDoes Brutus â€Å"qualify† as a tragic hero? Marcus Brutus does qualify as the tragic hero in Shakespeare’s play The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. A tragic hero is a good or even great man and thus wins our sympathy causing catharsis. A tragic hero displays hamartia— the hero makes a mistake causing the downfall of his fortune. A tragic hero usually brings suffering and death to other characters, even a whole country. Finally, a tragic hero goes into a situation in which there is no gettingRead More Marcus Brutus as Tragic Hero in Shakespeares Julius Caesar Essays735 Words   |  3 PagesMarcus Brutus as Tragic Hero in Shakespeares Julius Caesar      Ã‚   In many stories there is a tragic hero. The hero finds out about himself and the people around him in the story. In Shakespeares play, Julius Caesar, Marcus Brutus is the tragic hero. The play Julius Caesar is about politics and betrayal in ancient Rome. Brutus is part of the senate, which is below Caesar, who is soon to be crowned. The senate wants to overthrow Caesar to save Rome. To do this the senate has to get BrutusRead MoreMarcus Brutus as a Tragic Hero Essay1002 Words   |  5 Pages A tragic hero in Shakespearean literature is understood as a noble and heroic character who makes a series of bad decisions based on his bad judgment that leads to his downfall and eventually death. In William Shakespeare’s play Julius Caesar, the tragic hero is Marcus Brutus, a powerful Roman senator who joins a conspiracy to assassinate the Roman ruler, Julius Caesar. Marcus Brutus is a tragic hero because of his noble reputation, his moral personality, the cathartic ex perience that the audienceRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Marcus Junius Brutus Minor Essay1418 Words   |  6 Pagesblock October 27, 2015 Tragic hero Marcus Junius Brutus Minor was the son of Marcus Junius Brutus Maior and Servilia Caepionis. His father was killed by Pompey the Great in dubious circumstances after he had taken part in the rebellion of Lepidus; his mother was the half-sister of Cato the Younger, and later Julius Caesar s mistress. Some sources refer to the possibility of Caesar being his real father,despite Caesar s being only 15 years old when Brutus was born. Brutus uncle, Quintus ServiliusRead MoreTragedy and the Common Man1191 Words   |  5 Pagesbased on Article â€Å"Tragedy and the Common Man† In Arthur Miller’s essay â€Å"Tragedy and the Common Man,† Miller mentions tragedy as man’s struggle to gain his â€Å"rightful† position in his society, and whoever that character may be—king or common man—that character is eventually brought down by his or her tragic flaws and that’s what makes that character a tragic hero. In the past, there have been many tragic heroes which can relate to Arthur Miller’s essay â€Å"Tragedy and the CommonRead MoreJulius Caesar the True Tragic Hero1526 Words   |  7 Pagesonce said â€Å"A man doesn’t become a hero until he can see the root of his own downfall.† These words best describe what a â€Å"Tragic Hero† is and both Julius Caesar and Brutus displayed this characteristic, so the question is â€Å"Who is the real tragic hero in this story?† This paper shall explore the reasons behind why each man is considered a hero in his own right and who the rightful owner to the title of the play truly belongs to. There have been countless tragic heroes in the works of William ShakespeareRead MoreJulius Caesar: Who is the Better Tragic Hero, Caesar or Brutus?1446 Words   |  6 PagesThe Search for the Perfect Hero In the world today people consider a hero to be someone like Superman or Spider-Man. In the dictionary a hero is considered or defined as a person of distinguished courage or ability, admired for their brave deeds and noble qualities. Though a hero is thought to be free of mistakes they all have tragic flaws like everyone else. A tragic flaw is explained by Aristotle’s definition, which says that: a tragic hero as a character of great reputation and prosperity whoseRead MoreA Tragic Hero As Used By Shakespeare. In, â€Å"The Tragedy1657 Words   |  7 PagesA Tragic Hero as Used by Shakespeare In, â€Å"The Tragedy of Julius Caesar,† by William Shakespeare, you can see Shakespeare’s use of a tragic hero. The Tragedy of Julius Caesar is a play about how Marcus Brutus and Cassius contemplate the murder of the great Julius Caesar. The play discusses the planning of the murder, and the events that follow the catastrophe. Brutus is one of the conspirators in the murdering of Caesar and is also one of his beloved friends. Shakespeare incorporates traditionalRead More Brutus is the Tragic Hero of Julius Caesar Essay858 Words   |  4 PagesBrutus is the Tragic Hero of Julius Caesar      Ã‚  Ã‚   Shakespeares play Julius Caesar is a tragic play, where the renowned Julius Caesar is on the brink of achieving total control and power by becoming emperor of the Roman Empire. Ironically enough, when he thinks he is one step away from pulling it off, his friends (most from the senate) decide to overthrow him, with Caesars most trusted friend, Marcus Brutus, acting as leader of the conspirators. Though the fall of Caesar from the most

Prisons And Its Effects On Society - 1681 Words

Abstract Prisons are vital in multiple ways because they contain some of the country’s most dangerous criminals. While prison put people at ease knowing that offenders are serving time for their crime. It also runs the risk of making an offender who is non-violent prior to incarceration extremely violent once their time has been served. In society not everyone can be the model citizen that we wish everyone was however there are individuals who commit heinous crimes and for that they must pay for their crime by serving time in prisons as well as county jails. When individuals commit crimes against other members of society they must pay the price which is punishment or confinement. There is multiple in-prisons as well as out-prison programs that allow and help inmates from committing crimes again. The main idea and goal is to have offenders be able to decipher what is right and wrong as well as being reintegrated back into society as a law abiding citizen. Another goal is to mak e it where offenders are not capable of committing the same type of crime once they have been released from prison. When a person commits a crime that is against state or federal laws, they are taken to jail where they must sit and wait for their court date. Both the defendant and the state or other individual plead their case to the judge and jury. If the jury finds the defendant guilty, then the judge imposes a sentence and where they will serve their time in prison. Many different factorsShow MoreRelatedPrisons And Its Effect On Society1847 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Prisons are dependably a subject numerous individuals keep away from what it may look on the outside; prisons are usually seen as startling and dim from their physical attributes. Although for those who have committed a crime and are being held captive for their criminal offences, their lives are forever changing. The main goal of any federal prison is to ensure safety of the public, remove the menaces ones out of society, and to protect society. Prisoners have been changing their perspectiveRead MoreEssay about America’s Prisons and Their Effects On Society1529 Words   |  7 Pagesto deal with their criminals in ways that help both society and those that commit the crimes. Imprisonment has historically been the popular solution. However, there are many instances in which people are sent to prison that would be better served for community service, rehab, or some other form of punishment. Prison affects more than just the prisoner; the families, friends, employers, and comm unities of the incarcerated also pay a price. Prison as a punishment has its pros and cons; although itRead MoreEssay on Cost of Incarceration1308 Words   |  6 Pagessomeone in prison. Incarceration serves as a punishment for criminals due to their actions against the law. It is a solution for keeping the public safe. Prisoners follow a strict rules and schedules while following the culture within the walls among other prisoners. As a result of their crimes, convicts lose their freedom and are place among others who suffer the same fate. Crime is the cause of this establishment, but what are the effects of incarceration on convicts, their relations, and society? AsRead MorePrison And The Prison System Essay1472 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscouragement for humans is through the prison system. Because of this, these humans or inmates, are sentenced to spend a significant part of their life in a confined, small room. With that being said, the prison life can leave a remarkable toll on the inmates life in many different categories. The first and arguably most important comes in the form of mental health. Living in prison with have a great impact on the psychological part of your life. For example, The prison life is a very much different wayRead MoreThe United States Prison System996 Words   |  4 PagesUnited States prison population has quadrupled to 2.4 million inmates; with nearly half of the inmates in federal prison serving time for drug offenses. The majority of America’s general population has been hoodwinked into believing that the prison system helps prevent crime, but the side effects of mass incarceration is like spilling gasoline on a burning car. The side effects of fabricating additional prison complexes for the sole purpose of preventing crime will continue to deem societies ignoranceRead MorePrison Reform : Effective And Reliable Correctional System1352 Words   |  6 PagesPrison reforms are necessary to better the conditions for priso ners to enable the creation of an efficient and reliable correctional system. In reforming the prison system, it is essential for alternatives to incarceration to be explored (UNODC). There has been a sizeable escalation in the number of individuals serving prison sentences in American prisons. In fact, America has the world’s highest number of incarceration cases with over 2.2 million Americans in prison. The increased number of inmatesRead MoreReduced Time from Prison1440 Words   |  6 PagesTime from Prison Prisons are correctional facilities where offenders are incarcerated as punishment and deterrent from engaging in other criminal activities. It serves justice for victims of criminal offenses and provides a chance for the offender to reflect, and with prison time; they will become better citizens of society. This however, may not always be the case. If an inmate exhibits understanding of good behavior and structure, a prisoner may not serve his or her full sentence in prison. They mayRead MoreThe Reasons For Why Recidivism Occurs1441 Words   |  6 PagesIn most places around the world there are prisons set up where people go after committing a crime. Now the point of prisons is to reform a person so when they come out of prison they will be a productive member of society and not the criminal they once were. This does not occur most of the time. In fact, the exact opposite has occurred so much that there is a term for it now. That term is recidivism, which is when a person goes back to a life of crime after some sort of reform. There are many reasonsRead MoreProblematic California Prison System Essay849 Words   |  4 PagesCalifornia has one of the most dysfunctional and problematic prison system in US. Over the last 30 years, California prison increased eightfolds (201). California Department of Correctional and Rehabilitation (CDCR) does little to reform prisoners and serve as human warehouse rather than a correction institution. Californias prison system fails the people it imprisons and society it tries to protect. In many cases, Californias prison system exacerbates the pre-existing problems and aids in theRead MoreDo We Really Need Prisons1599 Words   |  7 PagesDO WE REALLY NEED PRISONS The simple meaning prison is a place for the confinement of persons in law detention, espicially people who are convicted of crimes according to The American Heritage of the English Language (2000). The history of prison almost as old as history itself. At first, prison were not used as a punishment but as a place where people who were sentenced to capital or corporal punishment were kept for a short period of time. But as the time passed, it turned into a legal punishment

Understanding Service Experience On Brand -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Understanding Service Experience On Brand? Answer: Introduction The learner is working as a marketing consultant for Marriott International Hotel in Hong Kong. My role includes doing the market research in regards to the current trend in the market and the service standard of the Marriott International Hong Kong. Marriott International is internationally known as a hotel chain that provides an utmost customer service standard. However, I did find some negative reviews from few of the customers on the menu offered to them. I had then recommended the management team to conduct a thorough research on the fact to identify whether it is genuine. There are several methods to assess the customer needs; however, the learner has used the different social media platforms to identify the customer responses. The learner is a marketing consultant for Marriott International Hong Kong had thought this as the most productive and accessible way to closely monitor the customer responses (Brandon-Jones et al. 2016). Outline your organization's Customer Service standard. How do you monitor how effectively the Standard is applied in the workplace? Marriott International is one of the very few hotel chains in the entire world which is widely known for its customer service standard. Customer service standard can be understood from its strategies which are entirely focused on raising the level of customer service. The company believes in Think Global, Act Local which means that it wishes to operate at the global level and that too with an utmost customer service standard. To fulfill the purpose, the company desirably plans the operation strategically. Selecting the strategic locations, using also the sustainable resources and deploying the educated skilled employees are the few strategies that the learner's company adapt to enhance its customer service standard (marriott.com 2018). Monitoring can be done in ample of ways such as by monitoring the phone calls, asking customers for feedback and monitoring the customer's comments on the different social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and others. However, the learner has chosen to monitor the customer's feedback on the various online resources as mentioned earlier (Manhas and Tukamushaba 2015). How does your organization promote and encourage good customer service? Different organizations have distinguished ways of approaching the customer service standard (Dhar 2015). Unlike the other companies, Marriott International has a very unconventional take on the customer service standard. They believe that every single customer is important to them which are why they put emphasis on satisfying every single customer. They also believe in anticipate the customer needs with the help of different resources and then deliver them accordingly to enhance the customer service level. Employees in the company are instructed to entertain the communication at a time when it is not suitable as per the business rules. They empower their employees to make decisions, so that, they feel the ownership and do the needful in regards to customer service prior to instructions from the management team on the same (marriott.com 2018). References: Brandon-Jones, A., Lewis, M., Verma, R. and Walsman, M.C., 2016. Examining the characteristics and managerial challenges of professional services: An empirical study of management consultancy in the travel, tourism, and hospitality sector.Journal of Operations Management,42, pp.9-24. Dhar, R.L., 2015. Service quality and the training of employees: The mediating role of organizational commitment.Tourism Management,46, pp.419-430. Manhas, P.S. and Tukamushaba, E.K., 2015. Understanding service experience and its impact on brand image in hospitality sector.International Journal of Hospitality Management,45, pp.77-87. marriott.com 2018.Core Values and Heritage | Marriott International Corporate Values. [online] marriott.com. Available at: https://www.marriott.com/culture-and-values/core-values.mi [Accessed 30 Jan. 2018].

Stax Music History Essay Example For Students

Stax Music History Essay In 1954, Linda Brown, an eight-year-old African-American girl, had been denied permission to attend an elementary school only five blocks from her home in Topeka, Kansas. Her parents filed a lawsuit to force the schools to admit her to the nearby, but segregated, school for white students. Finally, Chief Justice Warren gave the verdict saying that, We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of separate but equal has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. Segregation is a denial of the equal protection of the laws. August 24, 1955, fourteen-year-old Emmett Till was visiting his relatives in Money, Mississippi, when e was accused of flirting with a white cashier at a grocery store. Four days later, two white men kidnapped him, beat him, and shot him in the head. The men were tried for murder, but an all-white, male Jury acquitted them. Later that December a woman named Rosa Parks was arrested, because she would not give up her seat in the front of the bus, to a white man. This led to the start of the Montgomery, Alabama Bus Boycott and the rise of heroic leader, Dry. Martin Luther King Jar. We will write a custom essay on Stax Music History specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now August 28, 1963, two to three hundred thousand people marched in Washington D. C. Where Dry. Martin Luther King gave his famous l Have a Dream speech. As a result, African Americans were finally rewarded their rights. These events influenced African American artists through their music to express their feelings towards the way their people were being treated. Due to this, different songs were wrote and recorded to help support the Civil Rights Movement. The two most influenced genres were Jazz and Gospel/ Spirituals. Cornet player Louis Armstrong recorded a song titled (What Did I Do To Be So) Black and Blue? in 1929. This song contained the lyrics, My only sin is my skin. What did I do to be so black and blue? Billie Holiday, another Jazz artist, added the song Strange Fruit to her set list after the lynching of two blacks. Her lyrics contained the phrases, Here is the fruit for the crows to pluck, for the rain to gather, for the wind to suck, for the sun to rot, for the trees to drop, here is a strange and bitter crop. In 1960 The Nashville Quartet recorded the spiritual Mimi Better Leave Segregation Alone with Smithsonian Folkways Recordings. Which Side are You On and We Shall Overcome both by The Freedom Singers was also recorded with Smithsonian Folkways Recordings. Not to mention, the spiritual Lift Every Voice which later became the Negro National Anthem. All these songs were written to enforce the Civil Rights of African Americans. The Star Records Company also played a role during this time. Numerous artist recorded songs that were connected to the Civil Rights Movement. At Star, the artist didnt care about segregation. They still song played together, because race didnt matter to them. The popular group, The Staple known singer, Otis Redding was the first to record the song, Respect. Later he recorded the song Soul Man. Soul Man stood out as an example of respect for racial diversity. One last group, Booker T. And The MGM created more instrumental songs then lyrical. Two of these songs include A Change is Goanna Come and Born off Bad Sign. I feel that these songs were very helpful to this era, because it allowed musicians and song writers to express how they felt about the Civil Rights Movement. The songs were inspirational and gave people hope. There were a lot of ups and downs throughout this movement. Whenever people felt like giving up, this music was words of encouragement for them. .ub991b17bafe44d42609e2b16b0c7f2ea , .ub991b17bafe44d42609e2b16b0c7f2ea .postImageUrl , .ub991b17bafe44d42609e2b16b0c7f2ea .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub991b17bafe44d42609e2b16b0c7f2ea , .ub991b17bafe44d42609e2b16b0c7f2ea:hover , .ub991b17bafe44d42609e2b16b0c7f2ea:visited , .ub991b17bafe44d42609e2b16b0c7f2ea:active { border:0!important; } .ub991b17bafe44d42609e2b16b0c7f2ea .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub991b17bafe44d42609e2b16b0c7f2ea { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub991b17bafe44d42609e2b16b0c7f2ea:active , .ub991b17bafe44d42609e2b16b0c7f2ea:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub991b17bafe44d42609e2b16b0c7f2ea .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub991b17bafe44d42609e2b16b0c7f2ea .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub991b17bafe44d42609e2b16b0c7f2ea .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub991b17bafe44d42609e2b16b0c7f2ea .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub991b17bafe44d42609e2b16b0c7f2ea:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub991b17bafe44d42609e2b16b0c7f2ea .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub991b17bafe44d42609e2b16b0c7f2ea .ub991b17bafe44d42609e2b16b0c7f2ea-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub991b17bafe44d42609e2b16b0c7f2ea:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Music and the Impact on Youth in America EssayThe Civil Rights Movement was a political movement against racial segregation and discrimination. African Americans were mistreated, but instead of quitting they decided to fight for their rights. As the years progressed, African Americans got closer and closer to reaching their goal of racial equality. Over time, different music artists began to produce songs that expressed the way they felt towards racism. These songs also gave people hope. Finally, after years of fighting and protesting, they won their freedom. It is because of our grandparents and great grandparents that we live in our societies the way we do today.

The genre of Daniel as apocalypse

Introduction Scholars have recognized apocalyptic literature has a distinct class of works since the time of Friedrich Lucke in the early 19th century. However, this field has not progressed like other fields of study i.e. there is a general lack of pseudepigrapha. At the same time, there are also other factors that have hindered the progress in this field.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The genre of Daniel as apocalypse specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More First, there has been confusion with regard to the use of the word apocalyptic to refer to a collection of literary, social and phenomenological elements. Scholars like Koch, Stone, and Hanson agree that genre of apocalypse should be separated from the apocalypticism and apocalyptic eschatology. Second, Bible scholars did not clearly recognize and label the apocalypse genre in the ancient history. The use of the term apocalypse seems to have originated f rom the last book of the Bible in the New Testament, Revelation. In this context, scholars used the term to refer to a class of writing among the Jewish literature. Third, Jewish apocalypses joined various and distinct literary styles, such as vision, prayers and legends, among others. This has made some scholars claim that the apocalypse is not literary genre but a mixture of compositions (Collins 1998). The literature of Daniel contains full-blown elements of apocalyptic literature in the Bible. Consequently it has received far more attention than any other Jewish apocalypse, but its special status has not always been beneficial. Likewise, scholars have a tendency to view Daniel as the typical example of apocalypse, although, in fact, it represents only itself. On the other hand, there is even now a spirited attempt to separate the canonical book of Daniel from the rest of the apocalypse genre. Attempts to dismiss the non-canonical apocalypses as Daniel’s imitators should b y now be dismissed. There are, however, differences between Daniel apocalypses and other traditions of apocalypse literature like Enoch, some apparent and some real, which require consideration. Some Bible scholars argue that the place of the book of Daniel in the Hebrew Bible was because the author presented the work when the writers had closed the prophetic canon.Advertising Looking for research paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to them, the significant question is whether or not Daniel belongs with the other prophetic books. Consequently, they have concluded that Daniel is not a prophetic book but an apocalypse and the only one with the full examples in the Hebrew Bible. The genre of Daniel as apocalypse When we take the book of Daniel as a whole, it is an apocalypse book. Specifically, it belongs to the category of historical apocalypse. This category of apocalypse does not involve othe r worldly journey, but uses the strategy of ex eventu prophecy (this is a presentation of previous events as future prophecy) of history and eschatology that is cosmic in scope and has a political dimension. The book gives the revelation in the form of allegorical visions in chapters 7 and 8. It also presents angelic discourses from chapter 9 to 12. Then the angel interprets the visions. The content of the revelation has a review of history in the guise of prophecy and an eschatological crisis in each unit. Daniel 12 explicitly speaks of the resurrection of the dead. The book shows the importance of the heavenly world in the vision of the divine throne in chapter 7 and, the roles of angels and holy ones in chapter 7 and 8 and explicitly in chapter 10 to 12. Daniel combines a number of revelations, each of which we can regard as an apocalypse in itself. Apocalypse is a macro-genre which provides the frame holding various smaller forms together. The narrative framework shows the overa rching unity of Daniel, which establishes Daniel’s identity in chapters 1 to 6 and in chapter 12. In addition, the use of the narrative framework presents a collection of compositions and writings that authors created for different purposes, and in different settings. The use of collection of stories creates unusual genre in Daniel. The ideological tensions between the stories and the subsequent revelations enhance a sense of distinction in Daniel. However, the final form of Daniel shows that these stories simply act as the introduction to the revelations. The dominant form of the whole book is apocalypse. While the subgenres of chapter 1 to 6 are quite distinct from those of 7 to 12, there are some significant continuity in both form and content.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The genre of Daniel as apocalypse specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The authors present Daniel in the tales as a recipie nt of revelations and as a skilled interpreter of dreams and mysteries. Chapters 7 to 12 present revelations, but Daniel is no longer the interpreter. There are affinities in content between the four-kingdom passages in chapters 2 and 7, and the miraculous deliverances in chapter 3 and 6 are relevant to the situations described in chapter 11. The apocalyptic forms in chapter 7 to 12 represent a new development over and beyond the dream interpretation of chapter 2, and the motifs that carry over from the tales do not determine either the form or the message of the revelations. Only in the case of Daniel 9 can we speak of a midrash. The attempt to present the revelations simply as an outgrowth of the tales is an apologetic strategy intended to mitigate the supposed scandal of pseudonymity. In fact, pseudonymity is a constant feature of the Jewish apocalypses. The classification of Daniel as an apocalypse is full of theological implications. The significance of the genre label is that it points to a context for the interpretation of the individual text. In the case of Daniel, pseudepigraphic works provide the generic context of the various apocalypses in 1 Enoch, 4 Ezra, and 2 Baruch. After these, there is no clear case of another apocalypse in the Hebrew Bible. This analysis is not an attempt to disregard the other valuable literary works of the biblical traditions. However, we can only draw the analogies of Daniel with those of Joseph, or the impacts of Zechariah and Ezekiel on the use of vision in the Bible. All in all, the whole literature of Daniel finds its best parallels in the Pseudepigrapha, and it is in that context that we must understand its literary conventions and function. In short, Daniel cannot be adequately interpreted within the context of the canon alone. The work of Daniel gained prominent in the past. Consequently, some scholars tried to avoid this conclusion by dismissing the non-canonical apocalypses as Daniel’s â€Å"second-rate i mitators.† However, late studies reveal that several parts of 1 Enoch are likely to be older than the revelations of Daniel, and there is surely no reason to regard a book like 4 Ezra as â€Å"second-rate.† When we take due account of the genre, then such matters as pseudonymity and ex eventu prophecy are no longer theological problems, but conventions which indicate the nature and function of the book.Advertising Looking for research paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The successions and the world empires in Daniel Arnaldo Momigliano has significantly studied the connection between the literature of Daniel and the Greek world. Momigliano looks at the issue of how Daniel used the Greek historiography in his Biblical works. First, we must show that the concept of imperial succession existed in Greek historiography. In fact, succession is a recurring theme in Greek literature. We can look at successions from Herodotus and Ctesias. These successions exist in history of Asia in the empires of Persia and Assyria, among others (Niskanen 2004). We can recognize the contact between the book of Daniel and the Roman and Greek historiographic tradition with the four-kingdom pattern in the second book of Daniel, which contains the four images of metals which decrease with worth. Scholars argue that these images could be Greek in origin. The records of these metals are in Hesiod who talks of four ages as four metals with decreasing worth together with the fift h age of heroes. In addition, the four metals are in the arrangements that are similar to the one we see in Daniel. Meaning behind the imagery of the metals shows the declining age in human history is the same as the meaning in the vision and dream of Daniel. These connections and interpretations show that it is during the time of Nebuchadnezzar or Neo-Babylonian Empire that as the age in which human history declines. However, the interpretation of the dream vision does not imply this conclusion. The setting of book of Daniel Apocalypse discussion must separate between the ostensible setting of the text and the real setting in which the writers composed and used the text. The ostensible setting of Daniel is in the Exile during the 6th century. These events occur at the successive kingdoms of Babylon, Media, and Persia (LaSor 1996). In Daniel 1-6, the setting creates a paradigmatic setting to show how Jews can preserve their religious integrity in the service of Gentile kings. The mo st probable time of composition of these stories is the third or early second century B.C. The four kingdom sequence, which is explicit in Daniel 2, and implied by the introduction of Darius the Mede before Cyrus of Persia, points to a date in the Hellenistic period (under the Greek kingdom). The allusion to intermarriage in 2:43 most probably refers to one of the dynastic marriages between the Ptolemies and the Seleucids. The Greek names of instruments in Daniel 3 also suggest the Hellenistic period. Since there is no clear allusion to Antiochus Epiphanes in the tales, we must assume that the author composed the book before the events of his reign. It is likely that the tales of Daniel had a long prehistory. Scholars suggest that the origin of traditions in the literature of Daniel seems to be in the eastern Diaspora. However, whether or not these traditions attained their present status there or in Judea are less certain. There are no doubts that the author composed the revelation s in Judea, and so we must assume that travelers brought the tales from the Diaspora during some times in history. We can specify the setting of Daniel evidently with the wise teachers who play a crucial role in Daniel 11. As we have noted above, the book identifies Daniel as a wise teacher in chapter 1. Wise teachers are the heroes of persecution, and they will shine like the stars in the resurrection (12:3) (Longman and Raymond 2006). Scholars the Bible suggest that the book of Daniel shows continuity between different chapters, and the circles that wrote the visions, particularly chapter 1-6. The fact that Daniel and his companions were wise teachers supports this idea. Therefore, the heroes in chapter 11 relate to the heroes of the Exile. While the tales are congruent with the visions in significant respects (the deliverance from death, the idea of mysterious revelation), it is not apparent that the wise teachers of the Maccabean era would have picked up the older Diaspora tales if they were not conscious of continuity with the origins of these tales. Therefore, we may suppose then that the authors of the visions had education, and indeed the visions show a better knowledge of Hellenistic history and familiarity with ancient mythological imagery. By virtue of their education they presumably belonged to the urban upper class, although they were not necessarily wealthy. The visions show a greater affinity with the prophetic tradition than do the tales, especially in the development of the vision form and interest in apocalyptic eschatology. The shift in interest is presumably due to the new situation and does not require a change in the makeup of the group. Some scholars have also argued for the influence from the Leviticus circles with a strongly Deuteronomy theology. Some scholars like Lebram propose different ways of looking at the teachers as wise men or scribes. Lebram argues that it is priestly circles in Jerusalem that wrote the book of Daniel and the ir focuses were mainly in the Hellenistic reform. In this context, Lebram’s main argument is that the temple plays a central role in Daniel and that the disruption of the cult is the author’s primary concern (Collins 1998). In addition, Lebram notes that the periods in history and the scope of the book have the characteristics of priestly work. This thesis fits well with other scholars like Steck who note that the tales originated in the Jerusalem theocracy, but these two claims are independent of each other. However, Lebram claim is not apparent. Therefore, we cannot conclude that temples dominated Daniel’s visions to the extent that Lebram claims. The great vision in chapter 7 does not even refer to it explicitly. The profanation of the temple by Antiochus imprinted itself on the minds of all Jews of the age. We cannot conclusively write that only priests had interests in recording historic periods or cosmic chronology. We can establish this in chapter 11 by i dentifying priestly characteristics of the wise teachers. We can identify elements of cultic language in connection with the deaths of priests, but the characterization of the wise teachers emphasizes their wisdom and their role as teachers. Intentions in the apocalypse of Daniel The intention of Daniel in its historical setting is surely to exhort and console the faithful Jews in the face of persecution. The narrations in Daniel 1-6 clearly show that intention, particularly the story of the fierce fire and the lions’ den. However, the original setting gives us the life of Diaspora that demonstrates how we can combine fidelity to the Jewish law and service of the king. The content of the exhortation is complete fidelity to the Jewish law, even at the risk of death. This message is constant throughout the book. Daniel and his companions, as well as the wise teachers clearly demonstrate this concept. The message in Daniel’s book acquires complete new meaning. The wise te achers give their lives to the service of the Lord, and the tales arouse a sense of wonder and miraculous happenings. This suggests that fidelity, even at the risk of death, may be the key to the advancement and success. Daniel and his companions must believe in a supernatural world of angels we see through visions and dreams. This idea suggests that human beings can only get solutions to their problems from the supernatural world. However, the ultimate solution is not preservation from death but rather resurrection and exaltation in an afterlife (Niskanen 2004). In the Book of Daniel, the Kingdom of God defines human history and set ups. In Daniel 2, we see that it is God who removes kings and sets up kings (2:21). It is only the wise teachers such as Daniel who can understand such revelations. These tales show us that, in the end, God will set up a kingdom that will never be destroyed or left to anybody (2:44). However, God is giving human beings a chance to dominate the world kin gdoms. The visions reveal that the human kingdoms rebel against God but the wise teachers confirm the divine sovereignty through their revelations. God gives the kingdom to â€Å"the people of the saints of the Most High.† The formulation here suggests that there is another dimension to human history. Humanity will receive the kingdom in a heavenly judgment, and the â€Å"saints† or angels play a role in it. The setting of the book of Daniel reflects an exile setting. This setting plays a significant role in apocalypse literature. It conceals the real historical situation beneath the crisis happenings of the past. This technique helps scholars to put the present into analysis perspective. The exile setting provides the occasion for an ex eventu prophecy. In this context, the prophets have foretold the prophecy and thus predetermined the events. The fictitious setting also opens the book up to repeated applications, long after the crisis under Antiochus Epiphanes had pa ssed. Ultimately the book addresses not only one particular crisis but a recurring type. For instance, we can interpret the prophecy of the four kingdoms such that the fourth was not Greece but Rome. This suggests that historical interpretation cannot exhaust the setting, and function of the apocalypse by a single historical referent. Classification of apocalypse literature of Daniel In 1980, Klaus Koch reviewed the literature of Daniel and listed a minimum of five categories that scholars often propose as the overall classification of Daniel. These classifications include the legend, court tale, midrash, and aretalogical narrative. These categories depend on different aspects and levels of the stories. However, in Koch’s classification, he forgot to mention the broadest and most basic genre of these chapters: the story or tale. We can define a story or a tale as a narrative that creates interest by arousing tension or suspense and resolving it. Koch may have forgotten this c ategory because it is so obvious and usually ignored (Niskanen 2004). Conversely, most critical scholars take for granted that the genre is not history. This assumption does not rest on the mistaken allusions to Belshazzar as king of Babylon or to Darius the Mede. This is because inaccuracy is compatible with the genre of history writing. Rather it rests on two observations. First, critical analysis reveals that the stories show stereotypical patterns common in the folklore of the world. In this context, the aim of folklore is not capturing historical data but rather to pleasing, evaluating, inspiring and moving people. Therefore, historical accuracy is incidental and not necessary element of this genre. Second, stories frequently introduce marvelous elements, such as the writing on the wall or the transformation of Nebuchadnezzar, which suggest that their purpose is to inspire the wonders rather than to record facts. Occasional use of hymns enhances this impression, which expresses appreciation of wonders. These stories often have elements of fairy tales. The use of marvelous elements to inspire wonder is the point of analogy between the tales in Daniel and the legend. Legend is a traditional narrative set in a mysterious world of fantasy, provoking sympathy for the principal figure. The crucial element here is the prominence of the fantasy world. No one would argue that the narratives of Daniel as they now stand are legend. This is because their narrative world is predominantly realistic. However, they contain legend-type motifs, such as the writing on the wall. Several of these stories may have evolved from earlier forms, particularly in the case of Daniel 4. The mysterious world of fantasy is also directly relevant to two other categories, the legend and the aretalogical narrative. We may define legend as a narrative primarily concerned with the wonderful experiences and aimed at edification. It has no specific structure as such and is not primarily concer ned with narrative interest. It often inculcates wonder and dread for holy places or respect for individuals who may be models of virtue. Some scholars provide a narrower definition of legends about Biblical occurrences. A legend is a narrative, which expresses a virtue embodied in a deed and focuses on the element of imitation. These scholars have taken the stories of Daniel 1-6 as a case in point. They portray the virtue of fidelity embodied in a variety of deeds, and focus on a call in going and doing likewise (Zuck 1991). The focus on imitation serves to delimit the works by exclusion of, e.g., cult legends. The authors imply the call for imitation clearly enough in Daniel 1, 3, and 6. It is not apparent, however, that when Daniel interprets the king’s dream or deciphers the writing on the wall anyone can meaningfully be expected to go and do likewise. Conversely, all the stories that fall under the broader category of narratives focus on the wonderful and aim at edificat ion. The fact that some of the stories focus on heroic individuals, particularly in Daniel chapters 3 and 6, reflect characteristics of those legends that illustrate the lives of the saints (Zuck 1991). The aretalogical narrative and legend are close to each other since both of them focus on wonderful and miraculous acts. However, scholars accept legend in that designation than aretalogical narrative. The relative simplicity of these stories characterizes them as legends rather than as novellas, which typically involve subplots and interweaving motifs. Some scholars argue that the distinct designation martyr legend in Daniel 3 and 6 is not appropriate since the stories do not involve martyrdom. However, it is apparent that the difference between legend and aretalogical novella is almost negligible. They conclude that aretalogical novella is an elaborate legend narrated artfully. The court tale is different among the categories of genres in Daniel. It delimits the category of a story or tale by referring to a given setting. Court tale shows the story of adventures at the royal court. Court tale also has different subtypes of court tales that we can distinguish by variations in plots. We can find these plots in other folktales. However, in situations where there are no court settings, we can find these tales elaborated in different ways in legends, sagas, or novellas. This categorisation cuts across the form forms of categories. This is because it depends on the setting and plot rather than on the narrative world and intention. Court tales are useful and valid classification. We note this because they indicate most immediate context of these tales in ancient Near Eastern literature by pointing up affinities of Daniel with Joseph, Esther, Ahiqar, a story of three pages in Ezra 3 with tales of Near Eastern courts in Herodotus and Ktesias. However, we should not use court tales to replace legends. Instead, we should see them as complementary designation that furthe r indicates the genre of these stories. In addition, we can further classify court tales as contest and conflict. There is also a category of Diaspora novella. Scholars proposed this category in the cases of Joseph and Esther. This is because authors set Jewish court tales in the Diaspora. This is significant for the history of the genre studies. We can find illustrations in the three Maccabees. This category loses sight of non-Jewish parallels such as Ahiqar. However, it has the advantage of focusing attention on the Jewish setting of the tales. Therefore, we can specify that the overall genre of the tales in Daniel 1 to 6 as court legends, or legends in a court setting. Lastly, the category of midrash takes its point of departure in the biblical text and exists for the sake of explaining that text. It is not enough that a work makes use of biblical allusions alone. French scholars such as Delcor, Gaide, Lacocque have favoured characterization of Daniel 1 to 6 as midrash. So they r egard these tales as midrash and make a comparison to the story of Joseph. We know the parallels between the stories of Joseph and Daniel. Therefore, we cannot use a story to explain the existence of another one. The influence of biblical motifs and terminology are considerable factors in the tales with regard to intention and sources, but they do not determine their genre (Vaux 1984). Conclusion Biblical scholars have considered the literature of Daniel as a full-fledged example of apocalypse literature in the Hebrew Bible. This does not imply that there are no other books fitting this genre. The book of Daniel stands out because of the obvious futures of apocalypse literature. We can identity these features through settings, intentions, classifications and relations to the world empires. Reference List Collins, John. 1998. The Apocalyptic Imagination: An Introduction to Jewish Apocalyptic Literature, 2nd ed. Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. LaSor, William. 1996. Old Testam ent Survey: The Message, Form, and Background of the Old Testament. Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. Longman, Tremper and Raymond Dillard. 2006. An Introduction to the Old Testament, 2nd Ed. Michigan: Zondervan. Niskanen, Paul. 2004. The Human and the Divine in History: Herodotus and the Book of Daniel. New York: TT Clark International. Vaux, Roland de. 1984. Ancient Israel: Its Life and Institutions. Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. Zuck, Roy. 1991. A Biblical Theology of the Old Testament. Chicago: Moody Publishers. This research paper on The genre of Daniel as apocalypse was written and submitted by user Nevaeh Bass to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

A Wise Decision Essays - Crime, Penology, Illinois, Brian Dugan

A Wise Decision Essays - Crime, Penology, Illinois, Brian Dugan A Wise Decision A Wise Delay Governor Ryans decision to suspend the death penalty is already starting to have a valuable impact on the rest of nation. Other states are starting to aid in Governor Ryans quest to improve death penalty systems. Last week, a representative from the state of Wisconsin, requested that President Clinton put a hold on executions until the federal death penalty system can be reviewed. Clinton is an avid supporter of the death penalty and only promised to consider it. Since 1973, eighty-five people have been released from death row in the federal system because of mis-verdicts. Twenty-one federal inmates still remain on death row. Juan Raoul Garza is one of these death row inmates. Despite the governments past mistakes, he is scheduled to be executed this year. President Clinton should think long and hard before reopening the federal death chamber. Because the federal justice system dose not do its job correctly, many innocent people may have or will die on death row. According to the article, A Federal Execution Moratorium-misconduct, unbelievably erroneous evidence and false testimony by jailhouse informants can and has lead to mistaken verdicts. Rolando Cruz is an excellent example of a terrible mistake made by the federal government. He was convicted of the 1983 rape and murder of ten-year-old Jeanine Nicarico, and put on death row. His freedom was suspended to him even after Brian Dugan came forth to admit his sole involvment in the murder. Cruz remained on death row while prosecutors try to prove Dugan was lying! DNA testing proved that Cruz was not the source of semen samples taken from Nicarico's body; however, Dugan was a perfect match. Cruz remained on death row. November 4, 1995, 12 years after his original arrest, Cruz was released. Not only did Cruz loose twelve prime years of his life; He almost lost his whole life. Judge Ronald Mehling said he released Cruz because the initial murder investigation was sloppy, very sloppy, and the government's case against Cruz was riddled with lies and mistakes. It is suggested in the article that a wise approach to this problem would be to appoint a commission to study the federal death penalty system. I am in agreement that Clinton must suspend the death penalty until the bugs in this system are totally irradiated. More states need to come forth to force Clinton to see that he needs to do more than think about suspending the death penalty. Taking innocent lives is wrong. no matter who or how powerful you are!

Employee Resourcing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Employee Resourcing - Essay Example On the other hand, is the permissive autocrat who comes up with decisions in a unilateral manner but provides freedom to the employees to make their own decisions. Secondly is the paternalistic style which dictatorial but still prioritizes on the employee’s interests and those of the organization. The third management style is the democratic form where employees participate in the making of organizations decisions. Hence, everything depends on the majority. In this type there is extensive communication in all the directions. This kind of style is important when complex decisions are being made in organizations especially those that require improved complex skills. Finally is the laissez-faire kind of style where most decisions are made by the subordinates. The manager in most cases remains dormant on the managerial duties. This style is known to result in highly creative group of employees. However, it may also lead to staffs losing focus and sense of direction. This may inter fere with the company image. Employer’s ethics in recruitment and selection Several organizations have recognized the need to establish a process that is formal and standardized when conducting the recruitment and selection process. ... Hence, interviews have to be fair and equitable. The candidates are not only supposed to be asked several questions, rather are also suppose to be given an opportunity to express themselves. Notes taken during the interview should be used as evidence in making final decisions. At the of the interview process all the information should be kept confidential. All the paperwork used in whole process should be given to the chairman who is responsible for the whole process. The information of the candidates learned during the selection process should not be leaked to a third party without the candidate’s permission. The records of the candidate should not be used in for other purposes outside the recruitment and the selection process without the candidate’s permission. Normally files a kept for a period of six to twelve months and then destroyed. Problems with interviews Interviews are conducted by people who may be biased, inexperienced and corrupt. As a result it may be ext remely difficult to make a balanced decision based on facts on who to employ or not. Consequently, wrong people may be employed and this may result in choosing incompetent employees. Reasons for dismissal Employees and employers should treat each other with respect. Therefore, employees should conduct themselves in a manner that is consistent with good conduct and performance. On the other hand, employers should not dismiss their employees unfairly. There are well laid down procedures that are followed before an employee is dismissed in his or her work place. The procedure include; investigation to determine grounds for termination, inform or consult the trade union, give reasons for dismissal, and dispense